“Informal” often describes social and even professional life in the U.S. First names are often used. However, initial introductions, and in formal or business situations, it is better to address someone as Dr., Mr., Mrs., or Ms., then by first name if invited to do so. Students in the U.S. generally use first names with peers and last names with professors. “Hello” and “How are you?” are common greetings. “How are you?” is more a social convention than a genuine desire to hear about another person’s well-being. In addition to a verbal “Hello” or “Nice to meet you,” a handshake is a standard form of greeting for both men and women.
In the U.S., people lend considerable space between themselves and others. If a person backs away during a close conversation, the person is likely trying to reestablish a comfortable personal distance. People in the U.S. are concerned with personal cleanliness, bathing frequently and using a lot of soap and deodorant, but rarely cologne. Although this might seem exaggerated by other cultural standpoints, attention to personal hygiene is important for business and social success in the U.S.
Despite an emphasis on informality; punctuality is valued. Meetings, social functions, classes, and other organized activities start within minutes of the established time. This applies to professional appointments as well as dinner with friends.
Casual acquaintances are easily made and easily lost. Close friendships result from repeated interactions between people and the sharing of mutual interests and activities. The key is to participate in informal conversations, without letting insecurities of language ability prevent an attempt at friendship. Informal social invitations can be easily misunderstood. People will occasionally say “Stop by sometime” or “Let’s get together” as a polite way of saying “Good-bye”. This is more a form of speech than an invitation. However, either individual may initiate a closer friendship by calling to arrange a get-together.
Host gifts, such as flowers or a memento from one’s home country, are appreciated but not necessary. The host should be informed in advance of any dietary restrictions. It is acceptable to ask if anything contains ingredients that one cannot eat.